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Due to deteriorating air quality and rise of the respiratory problems, air purifiers can be seen in not only hospitals but in homes also.

On 5^th November 2021 (when I am writing this article), Delhi is the most polluted city in the world with an AQI (Air Quality Index) of 324 (Hazardous). Beijing is on the second rank with an AQI of 220 (very unhealthy).

Air Quality Index – Particulate Matter

301-500	Hazardous
201-300	Very unhealthy
151-200	Unhealthy
101-150	Unhealthy for sensitive groups
51-100	Moderate
0-50	Good

Air purifiers cleanse the air by removing pollutants, toxins, and other harmful elements from the air.

Air purifiers suck the air in, filter it with mesh and neutralize the pollutant and finally recirculate the air into the space where it is placed.

Specification to be notified to buy a new air purifier

1. Air purifier should have a proper certification
2. Noise level should not be more than 45-50 decibels
3. Electricity consumption
4. Maintenance costs due to changing of filters of air purifiers
5. Efficiency of filters which should be around 99%

Note: Don’t buy Ion-based air purifiers which neutralize the positive air pollutants with the negative ions but emit ozone which ultimately causes ozone emission.

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Power banks are the portable devices used for the charging of other devices especially when you don’t
want to use your conventional wall charges. Basically, they have a small battery that needs to be changed from time to time.
But it is not only the battery but other circuits like safety circuits that take care of overcharging of the device as
well as a power bank, overheating protection circuits, charging rate, charging time, etc.

If you want to check the total number of times your power bank can charge, then you can use this formula

The labeled capacity of the power bank x 3.7 / output voltage of power bank) x 0.85 /
the battery capacity of device = Total number of recharges

So if you are using One plus 9 pro mobile and power bank of capacity 10000 mah, which is giving 5v output

(10000 x 3.7 / 5) x 0.85 / 4500 = 1.39 charges

Note: So keep in mind while buying a power
the bank that no. of charges is not as simple as 10000/ 4500 = 2.22 charges (wrong)

Important parameters to keep in mind while buying a power bank is
1) Powerbank capacity – It should be at least enough to charge your phone 2 times
2) Charging time – It should support fast charging of at least more than 10W power
3) Size – It should not be too heavy and the battery must be of lithium-polymer and not lithium-ion (bulky)
4) Output Current – More current means faster charging

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Today we will talk about the waterproofing of electronics gadgets.
In some cases, it is very important as we all can damage our expensive without waterproofing and dust proofing. Some of the most common materials that we use in waterproofing are silicone, epoxy, urethane, acrylic, fluoropolymer, etc. but in this blog, we are not going to discuss it.

I am sure that you all have seen IP67, IP68, or similar rating numbers in the format of IPxx. Firstly, IP stands for “Ingress Protection” and basically it tells u how much protected is your phone against dust or water. If your phone or any other gadget has a rating of IP67, this means it has a dust protection level of 6 and a water protection level of 7. If you will see both the charts of dust-proofing as well as water-proofing then you will find that IP67 is completely protected
against dust and protected against 1m of immersion up to 1 meter. On the other hand, IP68 means completely dust-protected and protected against long periods of immersion
under pressure.

First Number	Definition
0	No protection
1	Protection from objects greater than 50mm in diameter
2	Protection from objects greater than 12mm in diameter
3	Protection from objects greater than 2.5mm in diameter
4	Protection from objects greater than 1mm in diameter
5	Limited ingress of dust permitted in the device
6	Completely protected from dust

IP (Ingress Protection) Rating Table for Solids/ Dust

It means the higher the number on the scale, the better will be the protection against dust and water.

Second Number	Definition
0	No protection
1	Protected against vertically falling drops of water for 10 minutes
2	Protected against diagonally falling drops of water for 10 minutes at a rate of 3mm/min
3	Protected against diagonally falling sprays of water for 5 minutes at 0.7 LPM at 80-100 KPa
4	Protected against water splashed from all directions for 5 minutes at 10 LPM at 80-100 KPa
5	Protected against a 6.3 mm water nozzle for 3 minutes at 12.5 LPM at 30 KPa at a distance of 3 meters
6	Protected against a 12.5 mm water nozzle for 3 minutes at 100 LPM at 100 KPa at a distance of 3 meters.
7	Protected against 30-minute submersion at a depth of 1 meter
8	Protected against continuous submersion for long periods at a depth of 3 meters
9K	Protected against powerful, high-temperature water jets.

IP (Ingress Protection) Rating Table for Liquids

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TDP stands for “Thermal Design Power”. As every device draws some power for its proper operation. Processors of devices has certain power drawn limit which puts the limits on heat dissipation of the processor. Beyond the TDP, CPU or GPU etc. will get damage.

In the normal operation, the maximum power that is set by the manufacturer are called “Peak Power” of the processor which they kept below the TDP.

So it is very much necessary to find your processor’s TDP to make it working in the safe limits.

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ARM (Advanced RISC) holding is a British company that sells the architecture of 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It was founded in 1985 as Acorn RISC Machine which later changed to Advanced RISC Machine.

ARM designs RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architectures for processors. RISC processor are better in comparison with CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) architecture in following ways:

• Low cost
• Low power consumption
• Low heat dissipation

which makes them highly suited for embedded systems specially low power devices.

Intel also has its low power processor like Intel Atom series, but they are not that much popular as ARM processors. That’s why we don’t see them in most of the devices.

In 2017, ARM produced more than 100 billion processors which simply shows their extra ordinary popularity.

ARM provides licensing to the following manufacturers

• Nvidia
• ST- Ericsson
• Silicon Labs
• Texas Instruments
• Samsung
• Apple
• Atmel
• Broadcom
• Cypress Semiconductor
• Freescale Semiconductor and many more

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