What are microcontrollers?

Do you know what is called the “small electronic chip” that runs your A.C., or your T.V., or your music system, or home-automation systems etc.?

These small chips are called “processors” which can be further divided into microcontroller and microprocessor and other types of processors.  So, microcontrollers are the processors which controls your whole electronic system. Microcontrollers are different from Microprocessors. You can check my other post for to read the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller.

Basically “Micro-controllers” are the CPU on chip which means they have ALU (arithmetic and logical unit), RAM, ROM, input-output ports on the chip itself which makes them very easy to install in any embedded system and reduce the the whole space to a greater value. On the top of everything, microcontroller take very low power to operate.

There are many big manufacturers of microcontroller chip like Atmel, Micro-chip technology (which makes pic series of micrcontrollers) etc.

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Difference between Embedded Systems and Robotics

Do you know the difference between embedded systems and robotics? Sometimes get confusing because both uses microcontrollers to perform various functions. So today I will clear you double. Let’s first check the definition of both.

  • Embedded systems are the microcontroller based computer systems that work automatically according to the program fed in it’s processing chip.
  • On the other hand robots are machines that work automatically by using a programs or soft wares and have moving parts.

So the main difference between these two things is that robots are made for task that need movement of a robotic arm or other part and for the purposes like running, walking, flying etc. as you can observe industrial robots where robotics automation is desired to complete the particular with or very less human intervention.

But in case of embedded systems there is no such type of movement that’s why devices like computer and mobile phones come under embedded systems category.

So, in the nutshell we can say that every robot is embedded system but every embedded system might or might not be robot.

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What are embedded systems?

If you are from electronics or electrical background then I am 100% sure that you have heard the word Embedded system. But do you know what embedded systems are and why they are used?

Embedded system is basically a computer systems which means it has CPU for processing data. These are used for dedicated purposes like controlling the room heating or cooling systems. There may or may not be the monitor and other peripherals attached to it as we have on our computer systems.

We all are covered with embedded systems in this world.

Some of the examples of embedded systems in our day to day life.

  • Smart phones
  • Television
  • Computer
  • Microwave
  • Automatic controlling system used in cars
  • Fully automatic washing machine

and there are thousands of thousands of examples are there of embedded systems.

You can think the tremendous applications of embedded systems by thinking that from you smart-watches that you wear on your wrist to satellites that are revolving the earth in the particular orbit uses embedded systems to operate.

Even the most of the electronic gadgets that you use in daily life have embedded system in them.

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Difference between microprocessors and microcontrollers

Are you getting confused between microprocessors and microcontrollers?

Today  I will tell you the main differences these two processors have in comparison with each other on the basis of the following things.

Let’s start the comparison between these thumb-nail size electronic chips…….

System used

  • Micro-processor is generally used in computer systems.
  • Micro-controller is generally used in embedded systems.

Memory and I/O unit

  • Micro-processor’s memory and I/O unit are external to the system.
  • Micro-controllers memory and I/O unit is connected with other components in the system itself.

System size

  • Micro-processor has a large system size due to the fact that memory and I/O unit is connected externally.
  • Micro-controller has compact system size and thus can be used in places where are very little is available.

System cost

  • Overall cost of Micro-processor system is high.
  • Micro-controller system has very low cost.

Power consumption

  • Micro-processor system has high power consumption due to the fact that it has both external and internal components.
  • Micro-controller system has low power consumption.

Power saving mode

  • Most of the Micro-processor systems don’t have power saving modefeature.
  • Most of the Micro-controller systems have idle and power saving modefeature which insures low power consumption.

Architecture

  • Micro-processors are based on “Von-Neumann” architecture.
  • Micro-controllers are based on “Harvard” architecture.

In a basic manner you can take Micro-controller as Micro-controller= Micro-processor + few basic components. But this doesn’t mean Micro-controller can do heavy tasks or multi-tasking. For these things we will need Micro-processor, but when there is a need of compact system with simple task we use Micro-controller.

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