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TDP stands for “Thermal Design Power”. As every device draws some power for its proper operation. Processors of devices has certain power drawn limit which puts the limits on heat dissipation of the processor. Beyond the TDP, CPU or GPU etc. will get damage.

In the normal operation, the maximum power that is set by the manufacturer are called “Peak Power” of the processor which they kept below the TDP.

So it is very much necessary to find your processor’s TDP to make it working in the safe limits.

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ARM (Advanced RISC) holding is a British company that sells the architecture of 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It was founded in 1985 as Acorn RISC Machine which later changed to Advanced RISC Machine.

ARM designs RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architectures for processors. RISC processor are better in comparison with CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) architecture in following ways:

• Low cost
• Low power consumption
• Low heat dissipation

which makes them highly suited for embedded systems specially low power devices.

Intel also has its low power processor like Intel Atom series, but they are not that much popular as ARM processors. That’s why we don’t see them in most of the devices.

In 2017, ARM produced more than 100 billion processors which simply shows their extra ordinary popularity.

ARM provides licensing to the following manufacturers

• Nvidia
• ST- Ericsson
• Silicon Labs
• Texas Instruments
• Samsung
• Apple
• Atmel
• Broadcom
• Cypress Semiconductor
• Freescale Semiconductor and many more

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“How much RAM does your PC required?” or “Can upgrading RAM to larger memory size speeds up the PC?” are the questions that comes into everyone’s mind now & then when they use computers.

Let’s take the first question “How much RAM a PC require?”

Answer of this question is totally depends on what you do with your PC in day-to-day life?

If you use your computer for office work like using MS Office, Sending Emails or using other light Software (Here I mean low RAM consuming by word Lite) then the 4GB RAM will be more than enough for you, and you wouldn’t have any problem with all these programs on your PC.

On the other hand if you use professional photo editing soft wares or high end games, then you would need more than this ………………….. and part from this you would also need to get a good graphics card.

When we talk about speed of RAM. Then there is simple rule, more fast RAM would be, better it will be, but you will have to consider two things in your mind

• Higher speed RAM will cost you more………
• Your motherboard might not support it………

Practical: Open the soft wares that you generally use and then Go to Task Bar – Right Click on Task Manager – Click on Task Manager – Now Check how much free memory do you have?

If you have 1-2 GB free space on RAM while using programs that you generally use, then it’s fine, if you have less than 500 MB, then you need to upgrade your RAM size.

Second, Can increase in RAM would increase the speed of your PC?

There is no 100% surety, because it is totally depends on how much free space you have on RAM. If you have low free space. Then it would definitely boost your PC.

But if you already have enough free space, then it wouldn’t affect the speed of your computer much.

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Microcontrollers are not always costlier, yeah mostly they are costlier than microprocessor. You might be thinking that if Microcontroller has

• ALU
• Memory
• I/O ports
• Timer etc.

Which a Microprocessor doesn’t have, so why it is costly?

Inspite of not having I/O port, Timer, Serial Interface etc. A Microprocessor has a lot more complex architecture than a Microcontrollers which makes it’s fabrication more challenging.

On the top of everything, Microprocessor are designed to perform complex tasks like

• Video Editing
• Photo Editing
• Gaming (3D games) etc.

Which you can’t imagine with a low cost Microcontroller. But their inability to run 3D games or do 3D video editing don’t make Microcontrollers useless.

Microcontrollers are used at places where simpler, low power consumption processor are required like in temperature controlling system of AC, Microwave, Refrigerator etc.

Even the electronics sensors have Microcontrollers embedded on them to calculate the information from different physical quantities.

I hope you understood the concept. You can read my another article “Difference between Microprocessors & Microcontrollers”

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Today we are going to talk about fast charging in mobiles phones, tablets and laptops.

Before going to proceed to Fast Charging. Let’s discuss about How batteries recharge?

Li-ion batteries are the most common type of rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones, laptops, tablets, MP3 players etc.

Batteries has 3 main components

1. Cathode (+ Electrode or metallic rod)
2. Anode (- Electrode)
3. Electrolyte

In non-rechargeable, Chemical reactions happen only once and can’t be reversed. But this is not the case with rechargeable batteries like Li-ion.

Positive electrode Li-ion is made of Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO₂) or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) is newer batteries. Negative electrode is made of carbon (graphite) and electrolyte varies from one type of battery to another.

When chemical reaction occurs, electrons generate at electrodes and flow through the circuit. But in case of recharging reverse process occurs and the battery absorbs the energy providing by external circuit.

Basically what happens in fast charging is, the charging circuit of a device pushes extra current and voltage to the battery which makes it to charge fast in comparison to the normal charging rate at normal current and voltage levels.

To control everything regarding charging like safety issues, there is a Charge Controller IC. This Controller chip is the main IC that regulates the flow of current in and out of the battery at different voltage levels. Here are some most famous fast charging standards name by the manufacturing companies.

• Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging
• Qualcomm Quick Charge
• One Plus Dash Charge
• Apple Fast Charging
• Motorola Turbo Power
• MediaTek Pump Express
• Huawei Super Charge
• Meizu Super mCharge
• Oppo Vooc

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