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I hope you all know about something called transistor, if not, transistor is an electronic device that can be used as a switch, amplifier etc.

By the way, have you seen transistor somewhere? If your answer is no, then you are lying unintentionally because nearly 99.99% electronic devices contain a bunch of transistors. So whether if you have seen your mobile phone’s board, or T.V. remote board or any other electronic device board, there must be a small, very small component called “transistor” would be present.

All computer CPUs contains transistors as a component to performs various computational tasks. 

Today’s topic is how much small a transistor could be in comparison to other miniature things.

So before start giving the numeric figures to you, I would like to tell you that the size of transistor used in a circuit is totally depend upon in which device you are using it like whether it is your radio set that would have bigger size transistor than ICs’ have.

So the smallest size of transistors are used in microprocessor manufacturing where area is so limited that you don’t have any other option besides minimizing the size of transistor.

Ok, so let’s start……..

• Human hair – 100000 nm
• Bacteria – 2000 nm
• Atom – 0.1 nm
• RBC – 8000 nm
• Carbon molecule – 0.17 nm
• DNA bases – 1 nm
• Virus – 400 nm
• Sugar particle – 500 nm
• Electro-mechanical swich (i.e. used in circuit boards) – 25400000
• Transistor (Electronic switch) – 5 nm

Now you can compare the the size of transistor with electro-mechanical switch (switch that your home’s electrical boards have). 1 electro-mechanical switch takes space occupied by 50,00,000 (fifty-lakhs) transistors.

Check my other posts “Comparison of transistor with electro-mechanical switch”.

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We all are the fans of apple devices, not just because they are expensive and we can show off by using them but their build quality, software security, camera etc.

So if will talk about which is the best available SoC in the market, Apple’s A11 bionic SoC is on the top.

Apple is using it in an iPhone 8, iPhone 8 plus and iPhone X.

Before Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 835 was the champion after its launch in 2017.

Following are some specifications of A11 chip which makes it worlds best SoC at present

• 4.3 billion transistors
• 10 nm manufacturing technology
• 6 cores
• 6 threads
• ARMv8 instruction set

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In the previous post we have learnt about what are embedded systems? and what are their applications?

Embedded systems come into picture when we need something that can work automatically by using a code or software written by the company or user according to their need. Here are following reasons of using embedded systems. IoT (Internet of Things) is one of the fastest growing technologies that uses interconnected embedded systems to transfer or share data between them.

• They work automatically with no or very little human effort.
• The cost of embedded systems are cheaper than a human being which would be employ in place of them.
• Embedded systems are much faster in terms of functioning in comparison with the human beings.
• They don’t need breaks or leaves
• They can do the same task again and again which might not be possible for the human beings.

and there are lot more advantage of embedded systems out there.

Embedded systems have changed our life completely by their unlimited applications in human society. All the smart devices that you are using now a days are the examples of embedded systems.

Give 3 examples of embedded systems that you use in daily life in the comment box.

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Do you know what is called the “small electronic chip” that runs your A.C., or your T.V., or your music system, or home-automation systems etc.?

These small chips are called “processors” which can be further divided into microcontroller and microprocessor and other types of processors.  So, microcontrollers are the processors which controls your whole electronic system. Microcontrollers are different from Microprocessors. You can check my other post for to read the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller.

Basically “Micro-controllers” are the CPU on chip which means they have ALU (arithmetic and logical unit), RAM, ROM, input-output ports on the chip itself which makes them very easy to install in any embedded system and reduce the the whole space to a greater value. On the top of everything, microcontroller take very low power to operate.

There are many big manufacturers of microcontroller chip like Atmel, Micro-chip technology (which makes pic series of micrcontrollers) etc.

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Do you know the difference between embedded systems and robotics? Sometimes get confusing because both uses microcontrollers to perform various functions. So today I will clear you double. Let’s first check the definition of both.

• Embedded systems are the microcontroller based computer systems that work automatically according to the program fed in it’s processing chip.
• On the other hand robots are machines that work automatically by using a programs or soft wares and have moving parts.

So the main difference between these two things is that robots are made for task that need movement of a robotic arm or other part and for the purposes like running, walking, flying etc. as you can observe industrial robots where robotics automation is desired to complete the particular with or very less human intervention.

But in case of embedded systems there is no such type of movement that’s why devices like computer and mobile phones come under embedded systems category.

So, in the nutshell we can say that every robot is embedded system but every embedded system might or might not be robot.

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