Month: January 2025

How much RAM is necessary for Computers?

“How much RAM does your PC required?” or “Can upgrading RAM to larger memory size speeds up the PC?” are the questions that comes into everyone’s mind now & then when they use computers.

Let’s take the first question “How much RAM a PC require?”

Answer of this question is totally depends on what you do with your PC in day-to-day life?

If you use your computer for office work like using MS Office, Sending Emails or using other light Software (Here I mean low RAM consuming by word Lite) then the 4GB RAM will be more than enough for you, and you wouldn’t have any problem with all these programs on your PC.

On the other hand if you use professional photo editing soft wares or high end games, then you would need more than this ………………….. and part from this you would also need to get a good graphics card.

When we talk about speed of RAM. Then there is simple rule, more fast RAM would be, better it will be, but you will have to consider two things in your mind

  • Higher speed RAM will cost you more………
  • Your motherboard might not support it………

Practical: Open the soft wares that you generally use and then Go to Task Bar – Right Click on Task Manager – Click on Task Manager – Now Check how much free memory do you have?

If you have 1-2 GB free space on RAM while using programs that you generally use, then it’s fine, if you have less than 500 MB, then you need to upgrade your RAM size.

Second, Can increase in RAM would increase the speed of your PC?

There is no 100% surety, because it is totally depends on how much free space you have on RAM. If you have low free space. Then it would definitely boost your PC.

But if you already have enough free space, then it wouldn’t affect the speed of your computer much.

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Why Microprocessors are costlier than Microcontrollers?

Microcontrollers are not always costlier, yeah mostly they are costlier than microprocessor. You might be thinking that if Microcontroller has

  • ALU
  • Memory
  • I/O ports
  • Timer etc.

Which a Microprocessor doesn’t have, so why it is costly?

Inspite of not having I/O port, Timer, Serial Interface etc. A Microprocessor has a lot more complex architecture than a Microcontrollers which makes it’s fabrication more challenging.

On the top of everything, Microprocessor are designed to perform complex tasks like

  • Video Editing
  • Photo Editing
  • Gaming (3D games) etc.

Which you can’t imagine with a low cost Microcontroller. But their inability to run 3D games or do 3D video editing don’t make Microcontrollers useless.

Microcontrollers are used at places where simpler, low power consumption processor are required like in temperature controlling system of AC, Microwave, Refrigerator etc.

Even the electronics sensors have Microcontrollers embedded on them to calculate the information from different physical quantities.

I hope you understood the concept. You can read my another article “Difference between Microprocessors & Microcontrollers”

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Quick Charging

Today we are going to talk about fast charging in mobiles phones, tablets and laptops.

Before going to proceed to Fast Charging. Let’s discuss about How batteries recharge?

Li-ion batteries are the most common type of rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones, laptops, tablets, MP3 players etc.

Batteries has 3 main components

  1. Cathode (+ Electrode or metallic rod)
  2. Anode (- Electrode)
  3. Electrolyte

In non-rechargeable, Chemical reactions happen only once and can’t be reversed. But this is not the case with rechargeable batteries like Li-ion.

Positive electrode Li-ion is made of Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2) or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is newer batteries. Negative electrode is made of carbon (graphite) and electrolyte varies from one type of battery to another.

When chemical reaction occurs, electrons generate at electrodes and flow through the circuit. But in case of recharging reverse process occurs and the battery absorbs the energy providing by external circuit.

Basically what happens in fast charging is, the charging circuit of a device pushes extra current and voltage to the battery which makes it to charge fast in comparison to the normal charging rate at normal current and voltage levels.

To control everything regarding charging like safety issues, there is a Charge Controller IC. This Controller chip is the main IC that regulates the flow of current in and out of the battery at different voltage levels. Here are some most famous fast charging standards name by the manufacturing companies.

  • Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging
  • Qualcomm Quick Charge
  • One Plus Dash Charge
  • Apple Fast Charging
  • Motorola Turbo Power
  • MediaTek Pump Express
  • Huawei Super Charge
  • Meizu Super mCharge
  • Oppo Vooc

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Home Automation

Basically Home automation (Domotics) is a way to make things automatic in your home like

  • Controlling of lights
  • Watering to plants
  • Fan controlling
  • HVAC (Heat, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning)

This is growing very rapidly with advent of IoT (Internet of Things) technology. So in the coming years we would also have automation systems at our homes.

Why home automation?   This is very important question. Since Home automation can control anything from your lights and fans to smart power systems like Nest thermostat IoT device.

So, by automation we can save a lot of time doing other important things and we don’t have to think about switching ON/ OFF and controlling the device manually which will also reduce our stress level.

  • Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning
  • Light controlling system
  • Smart meter
  • Security systems
  • Leaks detection, smoke and CO detectors
  • Indoor positioning systems (as used in apple home pods)
  • Home automation for elderly or disabled persons
  • Pet care

Hardware?   Home automation devices are quite compact which you can use in your home very easily. Apart from the required electronics for controlling purposes, these devices have dedicated systems for communication because after all these devices will connect to your smartphone through which you would control anything like light controlling, heating, surveillance etc.

Here is the list of few IoT devices that you could use in your home to make it automated.

Security?   Because these devices are connect with Bluetooth/ Wi-Fi/ Internet connections, so they are prone to security issues which might be harmful for you. But companies have already done a lot of work the security areas so it’s very much difficult to hack these devices for a malicious purposes.

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DMRC’s Automatic Fare Collections Systems (AFCS)

Have you noticed the Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) system or Contact less payment system at the Delhi Metro or other Metros? I am talking about the machine which we use to pay the travelling expanses by just placing card on the systems available at DMRC stations. After getting the traveller’s information, AFC opens the gate of through which passenger can pass through.

But do you know how these AFC s work? If not, today we are going to talk about their working.

Basically AFC s consist of devices to read/ write data on card, station computers, back office systems, central clearing house which work in collaboration to make the fare collection process automatic and hassle free.

The cards that we use for fare payment are plastic stripe cards like your ATM or debit card. These cards have one broad black strip on which magnetic particles or material is present. Magnetic particles are used to store data in the form of magnetized particles. So that is how cards hold the information of the user/ passenger.

One of these type of cards were launched in 1997 whose name was ‘Octopus Card’ – Hong Kong which afterwards became the standard for the AFC systems.

Let’s take a brief introduction to the system used in AFC s.

  • Devices to read/ write media-These consists of ticket vending machines and fare gate (on which you place your card)
  • Station computers – It’s used to provide the data communications between the devices within the stations.
  • Back office – It’s the place where all the management of AFC system occurs.
  • Clearing house (Central Management System) – It takes cores of all the financial management required to collect the fare, clearing the old balances etc.

So, this was the brief summary how Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) works.In the coming years, we will see the use of these systems commonly everywhere even in our buses.

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