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Today we will talk about the waterproofing of electronics gadgets.
In some cases, it is very important as we all can damage our expensive without waterproofing and dust proofing. Some of the most common materials that we use in waterproofing are silicone, epoxy, urethane, acrylic, fluoropolymer, etc. but in this blog, we are not going to discuss it.

I am sure that you all have seen IP67, IP68, or similar rating numbers in the format of IPxx. Firstly, IP stands for “Ingress Protection” and basically it tells u how much protected is your phone against dust or water. If your phone or any other gadget has a rating of IP67, this means it has a dust protection level of 6 and a water protection level of 7. If you will see both the charts of dust-proofing as well as water-proofing then you will find that IP67 is completely protected
against dust and protected against 1m of immersion up to 1 meter. On the other hand, IP68 means completely dust-protected and protected against long periods of immersion
under pressure.

First Number	Definition
0	No protection
1	Protection from objects greater than 50mm in diameter
2	Protection from objects greater than 12mm in diameter
3	Protection from objects greater than 2.5mm in diameter
4	Protection from objects greater than 1mm in diameter
5	Limited ingress of dust permitted in the device
6	Completely protected from dust

IP (Ingress Protection) Rating Table for Solids/ Dust

It means the higher the number on the scale, the better will be the protection against dust and water.

Second Number	Definition
0	No protection
1	Protected against vertically falling drops of water for 10 minutes
2	Protected against diagonally falling drops of water for 10 minutes at a rate of 3mm/min
3	Protected against diagonally falling sprays of water for 5 minutes at 0.7 LPM at 80-100 KPa
4	Protected against water splashed from all directions for 5 minutes at 10 LPM at 80-100 KPa
5	Protected against a 6.3 mm water nozzle for 3 minutes at 12.5 LPM at 30 KPa at a distance of 3 meters
6	Protected against a 12.5 mm water nozzle for 3 minutes at 100 LPM at 100 KPa at a distance of 3 meters.
7	Protected against 30-minute submersion at a depth of 1 meter
8	Protected against continuous submersion for long periods at a depth of 3 meters
9K	Protected against powerful, high-temperature water jets.

IP (Ingress Protection) Rating Table for Liquids

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TDP stands for “Thermal Design Power”. As every device draws some power for its proper operation. Processors of devices has certain power drawn limit which puts the limits on heat dissipation of the processor. Beyond the TDP, CPU or GPU etc. will get damage.

In the normal operation, the maximum power that is set by the manufacturer are called “Peak Power” of the processor which they kept below the TDP.

So it is very much necessary to find your processor’s TDP to make it working in the safe limits.

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ARM (Advanced RISC) holding is a British company that sells the architecture of 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It was founded in 1985 as Acorn RISC Machine which later changed to Advanced RISC Machine.

ARM designs RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architectures for processors. RISC processor are better in comparison with CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) architecture in following ways:

• Low cost
• Low power consumption
• Low heat dissipation

which makes them highly suited for embedded systems specially low power devices.

Intel also has its low power processor like Intel Atom series, but they are not that much popular as ARM processors. That’s why we don’t see them in most of the devices.

In 2017, ARM produced more than 100 billion processors which simply shows their extra ordinary popularity.

ARM provides licensing to the following manufacturers

• Nvidia
• ST- Ericsson
• Silicon Labs
• Texas Instruments
• Samsung
• Apple
• Atmel
• Broadcom
• Cypress Semiconductor
• Freescale Semiconductor and many more

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“How much RAM does your PC required?” or “Can upgrading RAM to larger memory size speeds up the PC?” are the questions that comes into everyone’s mind now & then when they use computers.

Let’s take the first question “How much RAM a PC require?”

Answer of this question is totally depends on what you do with your PC in day-to-day life?

If you use your computer for office work like using MS Office, Sending Emails or using other light Software (Here I mean low RAM consuming by word Lite) then the 4GB RAM will be more than enough for you, and you wouldn’t have any problem with all these programs on your PC.

On the other hand if you use professional photo editing soft wares or high end games, then you would need more than this ………………….. and part from this you would also need to get a good graphics card.

When we talk about speed of RAM. Then there is simple rule, more fast RAM would be, better it will be, but you will have to consider two things in your mind

• Higher speed RAM will cost you more………
• Your motherboard might not support it………

Practical: Open the soft wares that you generally use and then Go to Task Bar – Right Click on Task Manager – Click on Task Manager – Now Check how much free memory do you have?

If you have 1-2 GB free space on RAM while using programs that you generally use, then it’s fine, if you have less than 500 MB, then you need to upgrade your RAM size.

Second, Can increase in RAM would increase the speed of your PC?

There is no 100% surety, because it is totally depends on how much free space you have on RAM. If you have low free space. Then it would definitely boost your PC.

But if you already have enough free space, then it wouldn’t affect the speed of your computer much.

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Microcontrollers are not always costlier, yeah mostly they are costlier than microprocessor. You might be thinking that if Microcontroller has

• ALU
• Memory
• I/O ports
• Timer etc.

Which a Microprocessor doesn’t have, so why it is costly?

Inspite of not having I/O port, Timer, Serial Interface etc. A Microprocessor has a lot more complex architecture than a Microcontrollers which makes it’s fabrication more challenging.

On the top of everything, Microprocessor are designed to perform complex tasks like

• Video Editing
• Photo Editing
• Gaming (3D games) etc.

Which you can’t imagine with a low cost Microcontroller. But their inability to run 3D games or do 3D video editing don’t make Microcontrollers useless.

Microcontrollers are used at places where simpler, low power consumption processor are required like in temperature controlling system of AC, Microwave, Refrigerator etc.

Even the electronics sensors have Microcontrollers embedded on them to calculate the information from different physical quantities.

I hope you understood the concept. You can read my another article “Difference between Microprocessors & Microcontrollers”

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